home

=**History 802 **=

Chapter 20- Industrial Growth 1865-1914 **Section 1- Railroads Spur Industry**
 * Gauge- ** Width of a train track
 * Network- ** System of connected railroad lines
 * Consolidation- ** Combining companies; Combine
 * Rebate- ** A discount; Giving bigger companies a discount so they come back
 * Pool- ** A system in which several railroad companies agreed to divide up the business in the area they work in.

**Bessemer Process-** A method developed in the 1850s to produce stronger steel at a lower cost **Vertical Integration-** A practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change raw materials into finished products **Dividend-** Share of a corporation's profit **Trust-** Group of corporations run by a single board of directors **Monopoly-** A company or group having control of all or nearly all of the business of an industry **Free Enterp****rise System-** An economic system in which businesses are owned by private citizens who decide what to produce, how much to produce, and what prices to charge **Sherman Antitrust Act-** An 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States
 * Section 2- The Rise of Big Businesses **
 * Stock- ** Share of ownership in a corporation

**Patent-** A license for a new invention **Transatlantic-** Crossing or spanning the Atlantic Ocean **Moving Assembly Line-** Method of production by which workers stay in one place as products travel past on a moving belt **Mass Production-** Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply
 * Section 3- Inventions Change the Nation **

**Knights of Labor-** An American labor organization founded in 1869 to protect the rights of workers **Strikebreaker-** Replacement for a striking worker **Anarchist-** A person who opposes organized government **Haymarket Riot-** Labor rally in Chicago in 1886 that ended in violence when a bomb exploded **AFL-** American Federation of Labor; An organization of trade unions that represented skilled workers **Trade Union-** Association of trade workers formed to gain higher wages and better working conditions **Collective Bargaining-** Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract. **ILGWU-** International Ladies' Garment Workers Union; Union of garment workers formed in 1900 **Triangle Fire-** Fire in 1911 at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City that killed nearly 150 workers
 * Section 4- The Rise of Organized Labor **
 * Sweatshop- ** A workplace where people labor long hours in poor conditions for low pay